See surmena on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "surmena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "surmener"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular past historic of surmener"
],
"id": "en-surmena-fr-verb-6JGW3U~N",
"links": [
[
"surmener",
"surmener#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"historic",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "surmena"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*úp",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/úp"
],
[
"*-er",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r"
],
[
"*upér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upér#Proto-Indo-European:_above"
],
[
"*super",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/super#Proto-Italic:_above"
],
[
"super",
"super#Latin:_above"
],
[
"super-",
"super-#Latin:_pref"
],
[
"sur-",
"sur-#Old_French"
],
[
"sur-",
"sur-#French"
],
[
"*men-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/men-#Proto-Indo-European:_stand_out"
],
[
"*menā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/menā"
],
[
"*(eks)menā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/eksmenā"
],
[
"minae",
"minae#Latin:_threats"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"minor",
"minor#Latin:_to_threaten"
],
[
"minō",
"mino#Latin:_to_drive"
],
[
"mener",
"mener#Old_French:_verb"
],
[
"mener",
"mener#French"
],
[
"surmener",
"surmener#French"
],
[
"surmener",
"surmener#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:surmener",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-\nOld French sur-\nFrench sur-\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Italic *menā\nProto-Italic *(eks)menāder.\nLatin minae\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin minor\nLatin minō\nOld French mener\nFrench mener\nFrench surmenerbor.\nRomanian surmena\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pref\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*úp\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-er\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*upér\", \"gloss\" : \"above, over\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*super\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"sur-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"sur-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verb\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to drive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to threaten\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"threats\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(eks)menā\", \"gloss\" : \"projection\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"stand out\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*men-\", \"gloss\" : \"to stand out\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*menā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*eksmenā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"minae\", \"gloss\" : \"threats; menaces\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"verbal suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"minor\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"minō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"mener\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"mener\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"surmener\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Romanian\", \"term\" : \"surmena\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ro\" }\" data-lang=\"ro\" data-title=\"surmena\">\nBorrowed from French surmener.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:surmener",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-\nOld French sur-\nFrench sur-\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Italic *menā\nProto-Italic *(eks)menāder.\nLatin minae\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin minor\nLatin minō\nOld French mener\nFrench mener\nFrench surmenerbor.\nRomanian surmena\nBorrowed from French surmener.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-\nOld French sur-\nFrench sur-\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Italic *menā\nProto-Italic *(eks)menāder.\nLatin minae\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin minor\nLatin minō\nOld French mener\nFrench mener\nFrench surmenerbor.\nRomanian surmena\nBorrowed from French surmener.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a surmena 1st conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenează",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a-ez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a surmena",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmena",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenarăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenarăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să surmenez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surmenezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surmeneze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să surmenăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surmenați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surmeneze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu surmena",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu surmenați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "surmenează",
"2": "surmenat",
"conj": "1"
},
"expansion": "a surmena (third-person singular present surmenează, past participle surmenat) 1st conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-conj-a-ez"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs with subjunctive not given",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to overwork"
],
"id": "en-surmena-ro-verb-SMHRjn73",
"links": [
[
"overwork",
"overwork"
]
]
}
],
"word": "surmena"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "surmena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "surmener"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular past historic of surmener"
],
"links": [
[
"surmener",
"surmener#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"historic",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "surmena"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*úp",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/úp"
],
[
"*-er",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r"
],
[
"*upér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upér#Proto-Indo-European:_above"
],
[
"*super",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/super#Proto-Italic:_above"
],
[
"super",
"super#Latin:_above"
],
[
"super-",
"super-#Latin:_pref"
],
[
"sur-",
"sur-#Old_French"
],
[
"sur-",
"sur-#French"
],
[
"*men-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/men-#Proto-Indo-European:_stand_out"
],
[
"*menā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/menā"
],
[
"*(eks)menā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/eksmenā"
],
[
"minae",
"minae#Latin:_threats"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"minor",
"minor#Latin:_to_threaten"
],
[
"minō",
"mino#Latin:_to_drive"
],
[
"mener",
"mener#Old_French:_verb"
],
[
"mener",
"mener#French"
],
[
"surmener",
"surmener#French"
],
[
"surmener",
"surmener#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:surmener",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-\nOld French sur-\nFrench sur-\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Italic *menā\nProto-Italic *(eks)menāder.\nLatin minae\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin minor\nLatin minō\nOld French mener\nFrench mener\nFrench surmenerbor.\nRomanian surmena\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pref\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*úp\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-er\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*upér\", \"gloss\" : \"above, over\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*super\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"sur-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"sur-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verb\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to drive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to threaten\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"threats\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(eks)menā\", \"gloss\" : \"projection\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"stand out\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*men-\", \"gloss\" : \"to stand out\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*menā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*eksmenā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"minae\", \"gloss\" : \"threats; menaces\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"verbal suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"minor\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"minō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"mener\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"mener\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"surmener\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Romanian\", \"term\" : \"surmena\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ro\" }\" data-lang=\"ro\" data-title=\"surmena\">\nBorrowed from French surmener.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:surmener",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-\nOld French sur-\nFrench sur-\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Italic *menā\nProto-Italic *(eks)menāder.\nLatin minae\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin minor\nLatin minō\nOld French mener\nFrench mener\nFrench surmenerbor.\nRomanian surmena\nBorrowed from French surmener.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-\nOld French sur-\nFrench sur-\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Italic *menā\nProto-Italic *(eks)menāder.\nLatin minae\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin minor\nLatin minō\nOld French mener\nFrench mener\nFrench surmenerbor.\nRomanian surmena\nBorrowed from French surmener.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a surmena 1st conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenează",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a-ez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a surmena",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmena",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenarăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenarăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să surmenez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surmenezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surmeneze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să surmenăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surmenați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să surmeneze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surmenați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu surmena",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu surmenați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "surmenează",
"2": "surmenat",
"conj": "1"
},
"expansion": "a surmena (third-person singular present surmenează, past participle surmenat) 1st conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-conj-a-ez"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Romanian entries with etymology texts",
"Romanian entries with etymology trees",
"Romanian entries with etymon",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Old French",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Romanian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- (stand out)",
"Romanian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *upér",
"Romanian verbs",
"Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
"Romanian verbs with subjunctive not given"
],
"glosses": [
"to overwork"
],
"links": [
[
"overwork",
"overwork"
]
]
}
],
"word": "surmena"
}
Download raw JSONL data for surmena meaning in All languages combined (15.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.